🔧 Grammar
★ Core
Say it yourself
Present tense: irregular verbs
Use frequent stem-changing, first-person irregular and fully irregular verbs in conversation.
Group irregulars by pattern: e→ie, o→ue, e→i, irregular yo forms, and unique verbs. Nosotros/vosotros usually do not stem-change.
Patterns to reuse
e→ie: querer, pensar, empezar
stem change except nosotros/vosotros
o→ue: poder, dormir, volver
stem change except nosotros/vosotros
e→i: pedir, repetir
stem change except nosotros/vosotros
-go/-zco yo forms
tengo, hago, salgo, pongo, conozco
Watch out for
Nosotros puedemos.
Nosotros podemos.
Nosotros normally keeps the infinitive stem.
Yo conozo Madrid.
Yo conozco Madrid.
Conocer has the yo form conozco.
Empiezo a trabajar a las nueve.
I start work at nine.
ehm-PYEH-thoh ah trah-bah-HAHR ah lahs NWEH-beh
¿Puedes venir mañana?
Can you come tomorrow?
PWEH-dehs beh-NEER mah-NYAH-nah
Pedimos dos cafés.
We order two coffees.
peh-DEE-mohs dohs kah-FEHS
Oigo música en la calle.
I hear music in the street.
OY-goh MOO-see-kah ehn lah KAH-yeh
Conjugations
| yo | tú | él/ella/usted | nosotros/as | vosotros/as | ellos/ellas/ustedes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pensar | pienso | piensas | piensa | pensamos | pensáis | piensan |
| poder | puedo | puedes | puede | podemos | podéis | pueden |
| pedir | pido | pides | pide | pedimos | pedís | piden |
| salir | salgo | sales | sale | salimos | salís | salen |
| oír | oigo | oyes | oye | oímos | oís | oyen |
Common
tenervenirhacerponersalirconocerdarveroírjugar
Try it out loud
sorting
Sort ten verbs by e→ie, o→ue, e→i, irregular yo or unique.
What to include
Use the reference patterns.
conjugation
Conjugate pensar, poder and pedir aloud.
What to include
Notice unchanged nosotros/vosotros stems.
production
Make five true sentences using five different irregular verbs.
What to include
Include at least one nosotros form.
Happy with all of this?
- I recognise the main irregular patterns.
- I can actively use common yo, tú and nosotros forms.
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